![]() 5 - 8 One study from a random sample of 627 adults aged 18-40 in Chicago found some utility in hair, urine, and oral drug testing to detect underreported drug use, with urine testing especially useful for detecting heroin use but not for detecting cocaine or recent marijuana use. Urine drug testing has been used in studies to validate self-reported data from questions about substance use with a wide range of concordance. Similar to how laboratory tests in NHANES provide national prevalence estimates of diabetes, 4 urine drug testing may help with estimating the prevalence of substance use on a population level. Therefore, population surveys may underestimate the prevalence of drug use, particularly injection drug use. Social desirability bias is particularly important because surveys on drug use involve disclosure of stigmatized and often illegal behavior. Population-based studies of the prevalence of drug use in the general population are typically based on voluntary self-reporting of substance use, such as the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) or the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). 1 Precise data on the prevalence of potentially unhealthy substance use is imperative to inform public health interventions and policies. ![]() Researchers and government health authorities have long been challenged by the difficulties of accurately determining the prevalence of drug use in the general population.
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